Glossary

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How to use this glossary

• Terms are listed alphabetically (A–Z).
• When a term refers to a Levery-specific component or data model, it is labeled (Levery).
• Industry terms (AMM/DeFi/security/operations) are defined in a vendor-neutral way, with brief context on how they apply to Levery when helpful.

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Glossary (A–Z)

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Account (Levery)

A backend record representing an entity-controlled address known to the platform. Accounts power permissions, dashboards, portfolio views, and operational reporting.

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Account Dashboard

The end-user interface that aggregates balances, recent activity, positions, and portfolio valuation for a selected account.

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Add Liquidity

Depositing assets into a pool to create or increase a liquidity position. The deposited assets become available for swaps and may earn LP fees.

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Address

A public identifier on an EVM network that can hold assets and interact with smart contracts. Addresses are typically represented as 20-byte hex values (e.g., 0x…).

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Allowlist

A list of approved addresses/entities permitted to access a venue, pool, or feature. In Levery, allowlisting can be enforced deterministically at execution time (swaps and liquidity updates).

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AML

Anti-Money Laundering controls. Typically performed off-chain (screening/monitoring), with on-chain enforcement achieved via permissions and role gating.

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AMM

Automated Market Maker. A market design where prices are determined by a pool’s state and math rather than a centralized order book.

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APR

Annualized Percentage Rate. In AMMs, APR is often estimated from historical fee revenue relative to TVL and is not guaranteed.

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Arithmetic safety

A set of practices that prevent overflows/underflows, rounding ambiguity, and boundary errors. Deterministic arithmetic is critical for auditable and reproducible outcomes.

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Asset (Levery)

Canonical asset metadata used across the platform (symbol, decimals, display metadata, optional oracle configuration, and metrics).

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Atomic settlement

A property of on-chain execution: transactions either fully apply or revert with state unchanged. This reduces reconciliation risk and creates a tamper-evident execution trail.

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Attestation

A verifiable statement that a policy condition held over a set of actions or a period (e.g., “only permitted entities interacted with pool X”). Attestations are derived from on-chain evidence plus governance rules.

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Audit

An independent security review of a protocol’s codebase and design, typically including threat modeling, manual review, testing, and sometimes formal or property-based methods.

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Balance (Levery)

A stored snapshot of an account’s token balances at a given time. Used for dashboards, portfolio totals, reporting, and historical views.

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Base fee

A configured baseline LP fee for a pool. In Levery, fee configuration is designed to remain bounded and governable, and may be combined with dynamic policies when enabled.

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Block

A batch of transactions finalized together on a blockchain. Blocks are identified by a monotonically increasing number (block height).

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Circuit breaker / Pause

Fail-closed controls that halt swaps and/or liquidity mutations globally or per pool under abnormal conditions, incidents, or operational intervention.

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CompliantRouter (Levery)

The trading entrypoint that submits swaps through Levery’s enforcement surface, carrying the context required for deterministic policy checks.

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Compliance

The set of policies, procedures, and controls required to operate under applicable laws and internal governance (e.g., KYC/KYB, AML, sanctions, market conduct).

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Confirmations

A practical safety margin that delays “final” indexing/reporting until a transaction’s block is sufficiently deep to reduce reorg risk.

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Concentrated liquidity

An AMM design where liquidity is provided within a chosen price range. Concentrated positions can earn more fees per unit liquidity but are more sensitive to price movements.

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Counterparty risk

The risk that a party in a transaction fails to perform. Atomic on-chain settlement reduces counterparty exposure in the execution path.

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Cursor (Levery)

A persistent progress pointer used by Levery indexers and batch jobs (stored as backend state) to resume processing safely across restarts, reorgs, and backfills.

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Custodial

A custody model where a third party controls keys and assets on behalf of clients. Institutions may still use custody layers with Levery, but settlement remains on-chain.

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DayBlock (Levery)

A mapping from a day (typically UTC) to a representative block number used for daily snapshots and historical portfolio calculations.

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Decimals

A token metadata field defining its base units (e.g., 6 for many stablecoins, 18 for many ERC-20s). Correct decimal handling is critical for pricing, fee calculation, and UI display.

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Decrease Liquidity

Reducing an existing position’s liquidity, typically receiving back underlying assets and (depending on pool state) accrued fees.

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Deterministic execution

A property where the same inputs produce the same outputs across validators, enabling reproducible audits and verifiable monitoring.

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Dynamic fee

A fee mechanism that adjusts around a baseline based on configured signals and guardrails, while remaining within explicit bounds.

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EOA

Externally Owned Account. A traditional EVM address controlled by a private key (as opposed to a smart contract account).

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ERC-20

The standard interface for fungible tokens on EVM networks.

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Event

A log emitted by a smart contract during transaction execution. Events are commonly used by indexers to build queryable datasets.

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Exact input

A swap mode where the input amount is fixed and the output is determined by pool pricing, fees, and slippage.

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Exact output

A swap mode where the desired output is fixed and the input is computed (and bounded) based on pool pricing, fees, and slippage.

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Fee vault

A designated recipient contract/address for protocol revenues (e.g., service fees), usually governed via administration and often paired with distribution logic.

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feeGrowthInside

An accounting accumulator used to compute how much fee revenue a position has earned based on fee growth within its tick range.

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Finality

A confidence threshold that a transaction will not be reversed. In practice, systems use confirmations and reorg handling to approximate finality.

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Front-running

A class of MEV where an attacker places a transaction ahead of a victim’s to profit from predictable price movement.

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Gas

The unit of computational cost for EVM execution. Users pay gas fees to include transactions in blocks.

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Hook

A programmable execution extension that can run logic during swaps and liquidity operations. Levery uses a hook-based design to enforce policy deterministically at execution time.

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hookData (Levery)

Structured data attached to swaps or liquidity calls that lets the system deterministically associate actions with identity/policy context at execution time.

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HSM

Hardware Security Module. A tamper-resistant device used to generate, store, and use keys under enforced policy (common in institutional custody and treasury operations).

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Impermanent loss

A potential loss relative to simply holding the underlying assets, caused by price movement and AMM rebalancing.

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Indexer

A process that ingests on-chain data (events, state reads) and produces queryable datasets for dashboards, analytics, risk monitoring, and reporting.

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isCanonical

A flag indicating whether a record is considered final/canonical after reorg handling. Non-canonical records should not be used for finalized reporting.

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KYB

Know Your Business. Verification of an institution/organization, typically required for venue access, roles, and higher-privilege actions.

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KYC

Know Your Customer. Verification of an individual, often required before granting access in regulated settings.

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KYT

Know Your Transaction. Transaction monitoring and risk scoring used to detect suspicious patterns and support AML programs.

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Liquidity

A measure of depth in a pool. Higher liquidity generally reduces price impact for a given trade size.

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Liquidity Provider (LP)

A participant who supplies assets to a pool to facilitate swaps. LPs typically earn LP fees and assume pool-specific risks.

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Log index

An event’s position within a transaction receipt. Commonly used with transaction hash to uniquely identify a specific log.

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LP fee

The portion of swap fees attributed to liquidity providers, accrued to positions via pool accounting.

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maxAge (Levery)

An oracle freshness bound used in pool policy. It defines the maximum allowed age of oracle data under the pool’s oracle configuration.

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MEV

Maximal Extractable Value. Profit that can be extracted by ordering, including, or excluding transactions (e.g., front-running or sandwiching).

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MPC

Multi-Party Computation. A custody and signing approach where key material is distributed across parties/devices so no single party holds the full private key.

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Multicall

A technique that batches multiple read calls into a single RPC request. Used to reduce latency and RPC cost when retrieving token/pool state.

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Multisig

A signing policy that requires multiple independent approvals to authorize an action. Common for administering configuration and treasury operations.

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Native token

A network’s intrinsic currency (e.g., ETH) used for gas and value transfer. Unlike ERC-20, it is not a token contract.

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Non-custodial

A custody model where users/entities retain control over assets and signing keys; the protocol does not take ownership of funds during execution.

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Oracle

A data source that provides reference prices or signals. Oracles are security-relevant configuration and should be governed and monitored.

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Parse Class

A structured backend collection (similar to a table) used in Parse Server data models.

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Parse Server

A backend service used to store and query application data, power dashboards, and support operational reporting.

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PaymentSplitter

A fee distribution contract that can receive protocol revenues and distribute them to configured recipients under a defined policy.

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Permit2

A token approval mechanism designed to simplify and standardize ERC-20 approvals and transfers across routers and applications.

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Pool

A state machine that holds pricing and liquidity state for a pair of assets and supports swaps and liquidity operations.

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poolId

A deterministic identifier derived from a pool’s configuration. Used as a stable key for on-chain reads and backend indexing.

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PoolKey

A canonical description of a pool’s defining configuration (assets, tick spacing, fee configuration, hook address). Identifiers such as poolId are derived from this configuration.

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PoolManager

The AMM settlement and accounting engine that executes swaps and liquidity updates atomically and maintains pool state.

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Portfolio

An aggregated view of an account’s balances and positions valued in a quote currency, commonly used for dashboards and reporting.

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PortfolioRefreshRequest (Levery)

A backend task object used to rebuild portfolio state (e.g., current snapshots) and track the status of the refresh pipeline.

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Position

A representation of liquidity owned by an LP in a specific pool. Positions earn fees according to pool accounting and can be partially increased/decreased.

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Position manager

A component responsible for creating and updating liquidity positions (mint/increase/decrease/collect/burn), typically mediating access and enforcing required semantics.

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Price

A valuation reference for an asset in a quote currency. Platforms commonly store price observations to value balances, TVL, and historical metrics.

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Price impact

The change in execution price caused by a trade, primarily driven by trade size relative to pool liquidity.

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Quote

An estimate of swap output (or required input) at a given moment. Quotes are not guarantees and can become stale quickly during volatility.

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Reorg

A chain reorganization that replaces previously observed blocks. Indexers must detect reorgs and mark affected records as non-canonical or roll them back.

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Role (Levery)

A named entitlement required by a pool or venue (e.g., “Market Maker”, “Qualified Counterparty”). Roles enable tiered access beyond basic permissioning.

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RPC

Remote Procedure Call. The interface used by clients and indexers to read chain state and submit transactions via a node provider.

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Runtime Verification

The security firm that audited Levery’s smart-contract suite. See the audit report linked from the Security page for full scope and methodology.

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Service fee (Levery)

A protocol-level fee charged by Levery and routed to a designated fee vault/distribution contract. This is distinct from LP fees.

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SIWE

Sign-In With Ethereum. An authentication pattern where a user signs a structured message to prove address control for a login session.

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Slippage

The difference between an expected price and the executed price. Slippage increases with volatility and with trade size relative to liquidity.

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Slippage tolerance

A user-defined bound that specifies the minimum acceptable output (exact-input) or the maximum acceptable input (exact-output) before a swap reverts.

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Soulbound position

A non-transferable token representation of ownership. In Levery, liquidity positions can be soulbound to prevent unauthorized transfer of LP ownership.

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SoulboundPositionManager (Levery)

The component that mints and manages soulbound liquidity position tokens and mediates position modifications through authorized flows.

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sqrtPriceX96

A fixed-point representation of \(\sqrt\) scaled by \(2^\), commonly used to store price in concentrated liquidity AMMs.

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StateView (Levery)

A read-optimized contract used to retrieve pool and position state efficiently for frontends and indexers.

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Swap

An on-chain exchange of one asset for another, executed atomically against a pool’s pricing and liquidity state.

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Tamper-evident audit trail

A property of the ledger: once a state transition is recorded, it provides durable evidence for monitoring, attestations, and post-incident reconstruction.

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tick

A discrete price step used in concentrated liquidity pools. Price moves across ticks as swaps occur.

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tickSpacing

The granularity of allowed ticks. Higher tick spacing reduces resolution and can simplify pool state.

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Token

A fungible unit of value represented on-chain (commonly via ERC-20). Token metadata such as symbol and decimals is used for display and accounting.

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Transaction finality

A practical threshold at which a transaction is considered stable enough for reporting and downstream systems (commonly implemented via confirmations and reorg handling).

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TVL

Total Value Locked. The total value of assets deposited into a pool or protocol, typically computed using reference prices.

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uid

A deterministic unique identifier for an indexed record (commonly constructed from chain + transaction hash + log index) used for idempotent storage.

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Volume

Total value exchanged through swaps over a period (e.g., 24 hours). Volume is commonly used for metrics, fee estimation, and market monitoring.

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WebAuthn / Passkey

A standards-based method for strong authentication using device-bound credentials (often biometrics). Used to improve security and reduce phishing risk.

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Whitelist

A common synonym for allowlist.